Trondheim (Norway)

Autumn foliage along Nidelva

Trondheim (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈtrɔnhæjm]), historically, Nidaros as well as Trondhjem, is a metropolis as well as municipality inwards Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. With a population of 176,008, it´s the 3rd most populous municipality inwards Kingdom of Norway as well as metropolis inwards the country, although the 4th largest metropolitan area. It is the administrative centre of Sør-Trøndelag county. Trondheim lies on the S shore of the Trondheimsfjord at the oral cavity of the river Nidelva. The metropolis is dominated past times the Norwegian University of Science as well as Technology (NTNU), SINTEF, St. Olavs University Hospital as well as other technology-oriented institutions.

The short town was founded inwards 997 every bit a trading post, as well as was the working capital alphabetic lineament of Kingdom of Norway during the Viking Age until 1217. From 1152 to 1537, the metropolis was the spot of the Archdiocese of Nidaros; since it has remained the spot of the Diocese of Nidaros as well as the Nidaros Cathedral. It was incorporated inwards 1838. The electrical current municipality dates from 1964, when Trondheim merged alongside Byneset, Leinstrand, Strinda as well as Tiller.

The Old Town Bridge of Trondheim

Climate

Trondheim metropolis has a predominantly Oceanic climate,[10] only borders on humid continental as well as subarctic climate. The work of the municipality farther away from the fjord has colder winters (January hateful at Klett 1961-90 is −5.5 °C (22 °F)). The work unopen to the fjord, such every bit the metropolis center, has milder winters (January hateful Trondheim metropolis optic 58 m amsl 1961-90 is −2.5 °C (27 °F).Trondheim is by as well as large sheltered from the potent winds which tin come about along the outer seaboard. The warmest temperature always recorded is 35 °C (95 °F) on 22 July 1901, as well as the coldest is −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) inwards Feb 1899. Trondheim experiences moderate snowfall from Nov to March, only mixed alongside mild conditions as well as rainfall. There are on average xiv days each wintertime alongside at to the lowest degree 25 cm snowfall comprehend on the the world as well as 22 days alongside daily minimum temperature −10 °C (14 °F) or colder. There is oftentimes to a greater extent than snowfall as well as subsequently snowmelt inwards suburban areas at somewhat higher elevation, such every bit Byåsen as well as Heimdal, alongside expert skiing conditions inwards Bymarka. Spring oftentimes sees much sunshine, only nights tin move chilly or cold. The daily heat tin plough over xx °C (68 °F) from belatedly Apr to belatedly September, only non reliably so; on average are 34 days each summertime warmer than xx °C (68 °F). Oct is the most typical autumn calendar month alongside cool temperatures as well as autumn foliage, piece Nov is considerably darker as well as colder. Average annual atmospheric precipitation is 892 millimetres (35.1 in) fairly evenly spread out over the year, although September as well as Oct typically sees twice every bit much atmospheric precipitation every bit March, Apr as well as May. Temperatures accept tended to move warmer inwards recent years. The Trøndelag surface area has seen average temperatures growth past times close 2 °C (3.60 °F) inwards the terminal 25 years.

A panorama of Trondheim, the Trondheimsfjord as well as surrounding areas

Cityscape

Most of the downtown surface area is scattered alongside small-scale specialty stores as well as shops, even as well as thence a considerable work of the downtown shopping surface area is concentrated about the pedestrian street Nordre gate (English: Northern street) as well as the Olav Tryggvasons gate fifty-fifty though the residue of the metropolis optic every bit good is riddled alongside everything from old, good established companies to new, hip as well as trendy shops.

The Nidelva flows through Trondheim alongside sometime storehouses flanking both sides of this river. The Nidaros Cathedral as well as Old Town Bridge tin move seen on the left side of this panorama.

In the mid- to belatedly 1990s, the surface area surrounding the sometime drydock as well as send structure buildings of the defunct Trondhjems mekaniske Værksted shipbuilding fellowship at the Nedre Elvehavn were renovated as well as sometime industrial buildings were torn downwardly to cook means for condominiums. H5N1 shopping mall was every bit good built, known every bit Solsiden (The Sunny Side). This is a pop residential as well as shopping area, particularly for immature people.

Central Trondheim every bit seen from the tower of the Nidaros Cathedral looking towards the Trondheimsfjord as well as Munkholmen Island.

DORA 1 is a German linguistic communication submarine base of operations that housed the 13th U-boat Flotilla during the World War II trouble of Norway. Today the bunker houses diverse archives, amid them the metropolis archives, the academy as well as province archives. More recently, DORA has been used every bit a concert venue.

Kristiansten Fortress, built 1681–1684, is located on a colina due east inwards Trondheim. It repelled the invading Swedes inwards 1718, only was decommissioned inwards 1816 past times Crown Prince Regent Charles John.

 The Nidaros Cathedral every bit seen from the southern banking corporation of the Nidelva.

A statue of Olav Tryggvason, the founder of Trondheim, is located inwards the city's key plaza, mounted on top of an obelisk. The statue base of operations is every bit good a Sun dial, only it is calibrated to UTC+1 as well as thence that the reading is inaccurate past times 1 hr inwards the summer.

The islet Munkholmen is a pop tourist attraction as well as recreation site. The islet has served every bit a house of execution, a monastery, a fortress, prison, as well as a World War II anti-aircraft gun station.

Stiftsgården is the imperial residence inwards Trondheim, originally constructed inwards 1774 past times Cecilie Christine Schøller. At 140 rooms constituting 4,000 foursquare metres (43,056 sq ft), it is maybe the largest wooden edifice inwards Northern Europe, as well as has been used past times royals as well as their guests since 1800.

A statue of Leif Ericson is located at the seaside, unopen to the sometime Customs Building, the cruise send facilities as well as the novel swimming Hall. The statue is a replica, the master existence located at a Seattle marina.

The primary edifice of the Norwegian University of Science as well as Technology

Nidaros Cathedral

The Nidaros Cathedral as well as the Archbishop's Palace are located side past times side inwards the middle of the metropolis centre. The cathedral, built from 1070 on, is the most of import Gothic monument inwards Kingdom of Norway as well as was Northern Europe's most of import Christian pilgrimage site during the Middle Ages, alongside pilgrimage routes from Oslo inwards southern Kingdom of Norway as well as from the Jämtland as well as Värmland regions of Sweden. Today, it is the northernmost medieval cathedral inwards the world, as well as the minute largest inwards Scandinavia.

A tram making its means through Trondheim.

During the Middle Ages, as well as 1 time to a greater extent than after independence was restored inwards 1814, the Nidaros Cathedral was the coronation church building of the Norwegian kings. King Haakon VII was the terminal monarch to move crowned there, inwards 1906. Starting alongside King Olav V inwards 1957, coronation was replaced past times consecration. In 1991, the acquaint King Harald V as well as Queen Sonja were consecrated inwards the cathedral. On 24 May 2002, their missy Princess Märtha Louise married the author Ari Behn inwards the cathedral.

The Pilgrim's Route (Pilegrimsleden) to the site of Saint Olufs's tomb at Nidaros Cathedral, has lately been re-instated. Also known every bit St. Olav's Way, (Sankt Olavs vei), the primary route, which is roughly 640 kilometres (400 mi) long, starts inwards Oslo as well as heads North, along the Lake Mjøsa, upwards the valley Gudbrandsdalen, over the mount arrive at Dovrefjell as well as downwardly the Oppdal valley to terminate at Nidaros Cathedral inwards Trondheim. There is a Pilgrim's Office inwards Oslo which gives advice to pilgrims, as well as a Pilgrim Centre inwards Trondheim, nether the aegis of the cathedral, which awards certificates to successful pilgrims upon the completion of their journey.

The Pavement Cafes at Bakklandet

Museums

Trondheim Museum of Arts has Norway's 3rd largest world fine art collection, mainly Norwegian fine art from the terminal 150 years. The National Museum of Decorative Arts boasts a large collection of decorative arts as well as design, including a swell discover of tapestries from the Norwegian tapestry creative somebody Hannah Ryggen, every bit good every bit Norway's solely permanent exhibibition of Japanese arts as well as crafts. Sverresborg, every bit good named Zion after King David's castle inwards Jerusalem, was a fortification built past times Sverre Sigurdsson. It is straightaway an opened upwards air museum, consisting of to a greater extent than than lx buildings. The castle was originally built inwards 1182–1183, only did non terminal for long every bit it was burned downwardly inwards 1188. However, the Sverresaga indicates it had been restored past times 1197.

The edifice of the Studentersamfundet i Trondhjem

Trondheim Science Museum (Norwegian: Vitensenteret i Trondheim) is a scientific hands-on sense center. The Museum of Natural History as well as Archaeology is work of the Norwegian University of Science as well as Technology. There are every bit good a diversity of small-scale history, scientific discipline as well as natural history museums, such every bit the Trondheim Maritime Museum, the Armoury, following to the Archbishops's Palace, the music as well as musical musical instrument museum Ringve National Museum, Ringve Botanical Garden, the Trondheim Tramway Museum, as well as the Jewish Museum, co-located alongside the city's synagogue, which is amid the northernmost inwards the world.

Early wintertime inwards the hills close the city. Trondheim municipality covers large areas exterior the metropolis itself

Rockheim (National Center of Pop as well as Rock Culture) opened at the Pier inwards August 2010. It is located within an sometime building, only characterized past times an easily recognizable roof the variety of a box. "The box" is decorated past times thousands of tiny lights that changes inwards a diversity of coulours as well as patterns, as well as is a landmark inwards the cityscape - particularly inwards black wintertime evenings.

Transport

Trondheim has an international airport, Trondheim Airport, Værnes, situated inwards Stjørdal, which is Norway's 4th largest airdrome inwards terms of rider traffic.

Major railway connections are the northbound Nordland Line, the eastbound Meråker Line to Åre as well as Östersund inwards Sweden, as well as 2 southbound connections to Oslo, the Røros Line as well as Dovre Line.

The Coastal Express ships (Hurtigruten: Covering the Bergen–Kirkenes stretch of the coast) telephone telephone at Trondheim, every bit create many cruise ships during the summertime season. Since 1994 in that location is every bit good a fast commuter boat service to Kristiansund, the closest coastal metropolis to the southwest.

Trondheim every bit good boasts the northernmost (since closure of Arkhangelsk tram inwards 2004) tramway describe inwards the world: the Gråkallen Line, the terminal remaining segment of the Trondheim Tramway, is an 8.8 kilometres (5.5 mi) road (which is by as well as large single-track exterior the innermost parts of the city; except the stretch betwixt Breidablikk as well as Nordre Hoem stations) which runs from the metropolis centre, through the Byåsen district, as well as upwards to Lian, inwards the large recreation surface area Bymarka. Trondheim boasts the world's solely bicycle lift, Trampe.

The omnibus network, operated past times AtB, runs throughout most of the metropolis as well as its suburbs. In addition, the Nattbuss (Night Bus) service ensures inexpensive as well as effective carry for those enjoying nightlife inwards the metropolis centre during the weekends. Note that the Nattbus has other prices than ordinary busses. The European road E6 highway passes through the metropolis centre of Trondheim inwards add-on to a freeway bypass along the eastern rim of the city.