Pisa


Pisa ( /ˈpiːsə/; Italian pronunciation: [ˈpiːsa]) is a urban centre inward Tuscany, Central Italy, on the correct banking concern of the oral cavity of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the uppercase urban centre of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower (the bell tower of the city's cathedral), the urban centre of over 88,332 residents (around 200,000 with the metropolitan area) contains to a greater extent than than xx other historic churches, several palaces in addition to diverse bridges across the River Arno.

Old one-half of Pisa (view from Leaning Tower)

The urban centre is likewise abode of the University of Pisa, which has a history going dorsum to the twelfth century in addition to likewise has the mythic Napoleonic Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa in addition to Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies equally the best Superior Graduate Schools inward Italy.

Main sights
While the Leaning Tower is the nigh famous prototype of the city, it is 1 of many plant of fine art in addition to architecture inward the city's Piazza del Duomo, likewise known, since 20th century, equally Piazza dei Miracoli (Square of Miracles), to the northward of the onetime town center. The Piazza del Duomo likewise houses the Duomo (the Cathedral), the Baptistry in addition to the Camposanto Monumentale (the monumental cemetery).

Historical walls
Other interesting sights include:

l   Knights' Square (Piazza dei Cavalieri), where the Palazzo della Carovana, with its impressive façade designed past times Giorgio Vasari may last seen.
l   In the same house is the church building of Santo Stefano dei Cavalieri, likewise past times Vasari. It had originally a unmarried nave; 2 to a greater extent than were added inward the 17th century. It houses a bust past times Donatello, in addition to paintings past times Vasari, Jacopo Ligozzi, Alessandro Fei, in addition to Jacopo Chimenti da Empoli. It likewise contains spoils from the many naval battles betwixt the Cavalieri (Knights of St. Stephan) in addition to the Turks betwixt the 16–18th century, including the Turkish battle pennant hoisted from Ali Pacha's flagship at the 1571 Battle of Lepanto.
l   Also unopen to the foursquare is the pocket-size church building of St. Sixtus. It was formally consecrated inward 1133, only previously used equally a spot of the nigh of import notarial deeds of the town, likewise hosting the Council of Elders. It is today 1 of the best preserved early on Romanesque buildings inward town.
View of the Piazza dei Miracoli (Cathedral Square)

l   The church building of St. Francis, designed past times Giovanni di Simone, built after 1276. In 1343 novel chapels were added in addition to the church building was elevated. It has a unmarried nave in addition to a notable belfry, equally good equally a 15th‑century cloister. It houses plant past times Jacopo da Empoli, Taddeo Gaddi in addition to Santi di Tito. In the Gherardesca Chapel are buried Ugolino della Gherardesca in addition to his sons.
l   Church of San Frediano, built past times 1061, has a basilica interior with iii aisles, with a crucifix from the twelfth century. 16th century paintings were added during a restoration, including plant past times Ventura Salimbeni, Domenico Passignano, Aurelio Lomi, in addition to Rutilio Manetti.
l   Church of San Nicola, built past times 1097, was enlarged betwixt 1297 in addition to 1313 past times the Augustinians, possibly past times the pattern of Giovanni Pisano. The octagonal belfry is from the 2nd one-half of the 13th century. The paintings include the Madonna with Child past times Francesco Traini (14th century) in addition to St. Nicholas Saving Pisa from the Plague (15th century). Noteworthy are likewise the forest sculptures past times Giovanni in addition to Nino Pisano, in addition to the Annunciation past times Francesco di Valdambrino.
The Monumental Camposanto Monumentale inward the Piazza del Duomo

l   The pocket-size church building of Santa Maria della Spina, attributed to Lupo di Francesco (1230), is some other first-class Gothic building.
l   The church building of San Paolo a Ripa d'Arno, founded or then 952 in addition to enlarged inward the mid-12th century along lines similar to those of the Cathedral. It is annexed to the Romanesque Chapel of St. Agatha, with an odd pyramidal cusp or peak.
l   The Borgo Stretto, a neighborhood where 1 tin give notice stroll beneath medieval arcades in addition to the Lungarno, the avenues along the river Arno. It includes the Gothic-Romanesque church building of San Michele inward Borgo (990). Remarkably, at that spot are at to the lowest degree 2 other leaning towers inward the city, 1 at the southern goal of cardinal Via Santa Maria, the other halfway through the Piagge riverside promenade.
l   The Medici Palace, 1 time a possession of the Appiano family, who ruled Pisa inward 1392–1398. In 1400 the Medici acquired it, in addition to Lorenzo de' Medici sojourned here.
Façade of Santa Maria della Spina

l   The Orto botanico di Pisa is Europe's oldest academy botanical garden.
l   The Palazzo Reale ("Royal Palace"), 1 time of the Caetani patrician family. Here Galileo Galilei showed to Grand Duke of Tuscany the planets he had discovered with his telescope. The edifice was erected inward 1559 past times Baccio Bandinelli for Cosimo I de Medici, in addition to was afterwards enlarged including other palaces.
l   Palazzo Gambacorti, a Gothic edifice of the 14th century, is forthwith the town hall. The interior shows frescoes boasting Pisa's bounding main victories.
l   Palazzo Agostini, a Gothic edifice likewise known equally Palazzo dell'Ussero, with its 15th century façade in addition to remains of the ancient urban centre walls dating dorsum to earlier 1155. The yell of the edifice comes from the java rooms of Caffè dell’Ussero, historic coming together house founded on 1 September 1775.
St. Francis' church

l   The mural Tuttomondo, the concluding populace function of Keith Haring, on the parent wall of the convent of the Church of Sant'Antonio, painted inward June 1989.
l   Pisa boasts several museums:

l   Museo dell'Opera del Duomo: exhibiting with others the original sculptures of Nicola Pisano in addition to Giovanni Pisano in addition to the treasures of the cathedral.
l   Museo delle Sinopie: showing the sinopias from the camposanto, the monumental cemetery. These are blood-red ocher underdrawings for frescoes, made with reddish, greenish or brownish earth colour with water.
l   Museo Nazionale di S. Matteo: exhibiting sculptures in addition to prototype from twelfth century–15th century, with them the masterworks of Giovanni in addition to Andrea Pisano, the Master of San Martino, Simone Martini, Nino Pisano in addition to Masaccio.
Palazzo della Carovana or dei Cavalieri

l   Museo Nazionale di Palazzo Reale: exhibiting the holding of the families that lived inward the palace: paintings, statues, armors, etc.
l   Museo Nazionale degli Strumenti per il Calcolo: exhibiting a collection of instruments used inward science, betwixt whose a pneumatic machine of Van Musschenbroek in addition to a compass in all likelihood belonged to Galileo Galilei.
l   Museo di storia naturale e del territorio dell'Università di Pisa, located inward the Certosa di Calci, exterior the city. It houses 1 of the largest cetacean skeletons collection inward Europe.
l   Pisa hosts the University of Pisa, peculiarly renowned inward the fields of Physics, Mathematics, Engineering in addition to Computer Science, the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna in addition to the Scuola Normale Superiore, the Italian academic élite institutions, by in addition to large for query in addition to the educational activity of graduate students.

Construction of a novel leaning tower of drinking glass in addition to steel 57 meters tall, containing offices in addition to apartments was scheduled to get-go inward summertime 2004 in addition to stimulate got iv years. It was designed past times Dante Oscar Benini in addition to raised criticism.

Cittadella
Transport
Airport
Pisa is abode to the Galileo Galilei Airport. The centre tin give notice last reached inward 10 minutes past times urban centre motorcoach — the motorcoach work L.A.M. Rossa (Linea promotion Alta Mobilità) connects the airport, the cardinal railway station in addition to Piazza dei Miracoli. Otherwise the centre tin give notice last reached inward five minutes past times develop from Pisa Airport's railway station.

Buses
Local motorcoach service inward Pisa is managed past times Compagnia Pisana Trasporti (CPT). Intercity buses depart from the master copy motorcoach station inward Piazza Sant'Antonio. There are likewise several privately run motorcoach services going from the drome to Florence, Siena in addition to other cities inward Tuscany.

Trains
The urban centre is served past times iii railway stations: Pisa Centrale, Pisa Aeroporto in addition to Pisa San Rossore.

Pisa Centrale is the master copy railway station in addition to is located along the Tyrrhenic railway line. It connects Pisa straight with several other of import Italian cities such equally Rome, Genoa, Turin, Naples, Livorno, Grosseto in addition to Florence.

Pisa Aeroporto connects the drome to the cardinal railway station, equally good equally Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station inward the urban centre of Florence. It is located adjacent to the Galileo Galilei International Airport.

Pisa San Rossore links the urban centre with Lucca (25 minutes from Pisa) in addition to Pistoia in addition to is likewise reachable from Pisa Centrale. It is a tyke railway station located close the Leaning Tower zone.

Cars
Pisa has 2 exits on the A11 Genoa-Livorno road, Pisa Nord in addition to Pisa Centro-aeroporto.

Pisa Centro leads visitors to the urban centre centre.

Cultural events
l   Capodanno pisano (25 March)
l   Gioco del Ponte (folklore)
l   Luminara di San Ranieri (16 June)
l   Regate delle Antiche Repubbliche Marinare
l   Premio Nazionale Letterario Pisa
l   Pisa Book Festival
l   Metarock
l   Internet Festival
l   Nessiáh (Jewish Cultural Festival, November)




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