Umbria, Italy

Umbria (Italian pronunciation: [ˈumbrja]) is a part of modern fundamental Italy. It is 1 of the smallest Italian regions together with the alone peninsular part that is landlocked.

Its uppercase is Perugia.

Assisi together with Norcia are historical towns associated amongst St. Francis of Assisi, together with St. Benedict.

The official language, equally inwards the residual of Italy, is Italian.

History

The part is named for the Umbri tribe, 1 of those who were absorbed past times the expansion of the Romans. Pliny the Elder recounts a fanciful derivation for the tribal advert from the Greek ὄμβρος "a shower", which had led to the confused persuasion that they had survived the Deluge familiar from Greek mythology, giving them the claim to live the most ancient race inwards Italy.[3] In fact they belonged to a broader household unit of measurement of neighbouring tribes amongst similar roots. Their linguistic communication was Umbrian, 1 of the Italic languages, related to Latin together with Oscan.

The Umbri in all probability sprang, similar neighbouring tribes, from the creators of the Terramara, together with Villanovan civilization inwards northern together with fundamental Italy, who entered north-eastern Italy at the get-go of the Bronze Age.

The Etruscans were the primary enemies of the Umbri, together with the Etruscan invasion went from the western seaboard towards the N together with due east (lasting from close 700 to 500 BC), eventually driving the Umbrians towards the Apenninic uplands together with capturing 300 Umbrian towns. Nevertheless, the Umbrian population does non look to accept been eradicated inwards the conquered districts.

After the downfall of the Etruscans, Umbrians attempted to assistance the Samnites inwards their scrap against Rome (308 BC); but communications amongst Samnium were impeded past times the Roman fortress of Narni (founded 298 BC). At the cracking battle of Sentinum (295 BC), which was fought inwards their ain territory, the Umbrians did non substantially assist the Samnites.

A typical landscape of the Umbrian countryside.

The Roman victory at Sentinum started a menstruum of integration nether the Roman rulers, who established some colonies (e.g., Spoletium) together with built the via Flaminia (220 BC), which became a principal vector for Roman evolution inwards Umbria. During Hannibal's invasion inwards the minute Punic war, the battle of Lake Trasimene was fought inwards Umbria, but the Umbrians did non assistance him.

View of Assisi.

During the Roman civil state of war betwixt Mark Antony together with Octavian (40 BC), the metropolis of Perugia supported Antony together with was almost completely destroyed past times the latter.

In Pliny's time, 49 independent communities silent existed inwards Umbria, together with the abundance of inscriptions together with the high proportion of recruits inwards the violet regular army attest to its population.

View of Norcia.

The modern part of Umbria, however, is essentially unlike from the Umbria of Roman times (see Roman Umbria), which extended through most of what is right away the northern Marche, to Ravenna, but excluded the westward banking concern of the Tiber. Thus Perugia was inwards Etruria, together with the surface area simply about Norcia was inwards the Sabine territory.

The Cathedral of Orvieto

After the collapse of the Roman empire, Ostrogoths together with Byzantines struggled for the supremacy inwards the region; the Lombards founded the duchy of Spoleto, roofing much of today's Umbria. When Charlemagne conquered most of the Lombard kingdoms, some Umbrian territories were given to the Pope, who established temporal ability over them. Some cities acquired a shape of autonomy (the comuni); they were oftentimes at state of war amongst each other inwards the context of the to a greater extent than full general conflict betwixt the papacy together with the Holy Roman Empire or betwixt the Guelphs together with the Ghibellines.

In the 14th century, the signorie arose, but were subsumed into the Papal States, which ruled the part until the goal of the 18th century.

After the French Revolution together with the French conquest of Italy, Umbria was utilisation of the ephemeral Roman Republic (1798–1799) together with of the Napoleonic Empire (1809–1814).

After Napoleon's defeat, the Pope regained Umbria until 1860.

After the Risorgimento, the expansion of the Piedmontese, together with Italian unification, inwards 1861 Umbria was incorporated inwards the Kingdom of Italy.

The borders of Umbria were fixed inwards 1927, amongst the creation of the tell of Terni together with the separation of the tell of Rieti, which was incorporated inwards Lazio.

In 1946 Umbria became utilisation of the Italian Republic